今年“打脸最狠”的水果,可能是荔枝......
今年荔枝大减产!不少网友哀叹,今夏的“荔枝自由”没有了。
专家预计,荔枝产出大省之一的广东,今年荔枝减产将超过50%。
The output of litchi in Guangdong province, one of its major production bases, is predicted to hit 876,400 metric tons this year, down 51 percent year-on-year.
图源:视觉中国
据国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系首席科学家、华南农业大学教授陈厚彬预计,相比去年,今年全国荔枝将减产45%,广西荔枝减产59%,海南减产15%。
Chen Houbin, a chief scientist with the National Litchi Longan Industrial Technology System, said the predicted output of litchi across the country this year will be 1.78 million tons, down 45 percent from the previous year.
The Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region is projected to harvest about 410,000 tons of litchi this year, a year-on-year reduction of 59 percent, while Hainan province is expected to produce about 200,000 tons, a year-on-year drop of 15 percent.
荔枝减产反应到市场上,最直观的感受就是“荔枝贵了”。
5月10日,“荔枝卖到70元一斤”登上了热搜。当然,70元/斤的荔枝是极个别现象,南方财经全媒体记者线下走访发现,目前已上市的妃子笑每斤售价从15元到30元不等。而在线上生鲜平台美团买菜上,白糖罂荔枝约40元/斤,妃子笑荔枝约36元/斤;百果园的白糖罂与妃子笑荔枝则均为40元/斤;盒马的450g装特价妃子笑,售价也要19.9元。
That has led to a price hike in markets in the western part of Guangdong.
Litchi prices in the city of Maoming have risen by between 30 percent and more than 100 percent compared with last year.
图源:视觉中国
荔枝为什么减产了?
陈厚彬详细介绍了天气因素对于荔枝产量的影响。
刚刚过去的4月,是广东有气象记录以来最多雨的一个4月。据广东省气候中心消息,4月广东省平均降水量497.7毫米,较常年同期(176.8毫米)偏多1.8倍。
除此之外,冰雹、龙卷风等极端天气频发,也为当地荔枝生产带来极大挑战。暴雨恰好撞上荔枝幼果发育期,雨水冲刷掉小果,影响了荔枝的坐果率。
图源:视觉中国
造成荔枝“小年”的原因不仅仅是4月的雨水,更重要的是年前的高温和年初的寒潮。
广东、广西去年冬天低温来得比较晚,12月中旬才有第一波冷空气,第二波冷空气是在1月底。中晚期品种成花诱导的有效期应该是在1月中旬之前,这也意味着,对于中晚熟品种来说,低温是不够的。
Chen, also a researcher at South China Agricultural University, attributed the reduction to a warm winter, which prevented mid- to late-maturing varieties from flowering properly.
Continuous extreme weather, including storms, hailstones and tornadoes, also affected the harvest, he said.
图源:视觉中国
而在荔枝产量变动背后,有一个因素也被频频提及,即“大小年”。
陈厚彬提到,有着上千年历史的荔枝自种植起就表现出明显的“大小年”,基本每4到5年就会表现出一个“大小年”的周期。
去年是荔枝生产的大年,因此很多人认为,这会导致荔枝树体消耗过多,一定程度上导致今年荔枝开花率较低。
在“大小年”上,陈厚彬认为,最近几年,果农管理技术水平提高了很多,科技培训工作应该也做得很好,所以主要还是因为特殊的天气情况。
Guangdong enjoyed a bumper litchi harvest last year, causing the litchi trees to become weak, and their vigor has yet to return to its optimal state. And litchi harvests typically occur in alternating years of high and low yields, Chen said.
“冻眠荔枝”能弥补减产涨价的痛吗?
近日,#广东300吨冻眠10个月荔枝解冻上市#的话题,冲上了多个社交媒体平台热搜第一。
据报道,“冻眠荔枝”("frozen dormant litchi"),是华南农业大学食品学院教授曹庸团队为解决荔枝保鲜难题,历经5年的研究,攻克的荔枝液氮冷鲜技术。
运用这种技术,在新鲜荔枝采摘后,立即对其进行一系列技术处理,就能实现以年为单位的储存,并且能保持新鲜荔枝九成以上的口感和风味。由此破除荔枝的“季节性”,实现全年供应。
Thanks to breakthroughs in litchi preservation technology in South China's Guangdong province, more than 200 metric tons of fruit preserved in June gradually entered the market earlier this year.
The special freezing technique involves immediate pre-cooling, protective coloration and freezing, preserving the freshness of justpicked litchis.
The core point is to quickly freeze and hibernate the flesh cells of litchi below minus 35 C, without damaging the original structure of the flesh, just like animals' hibernation.
早在去年6月左右,广东就运用超低温冻眠锁鲜技术,保存了二三百吨新鲜采摘的荔枝,今年将陆续投放市场。
依靠这种技术,广东今年预计也能保鲜2000吨以上的新鲜荔枝。
解冻食用时,“冻眠荔枝”色泽如新鲜荔枝般鲜红、果肉依旧晶莹剔透、营养品质能保持九成以上,满足消费者四季享用新鲜荔枝的需求。
After thawing, the "frozen dormant litchi" has the same bright red color as the fresh fruit and the flesh remains crystal clear. The color and aroma can be maintained at about 80 to 90 percent of the original level.
对于“冻眠荔枝”的上市,有网友认为保鲜技术取得突破,对产业来说是可喜的。
但也有网友表示,接受不了“隔季荔枝”。
今年你吃上荔枝了吗?会想尝试“冻眠荔枝”吗?
记者:郑彩雄 李文芳 陈博文
编辑:左卓
来源:中新网 南方财经 21世纪经济报道 中国日报
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