Go 单元测试基本介绍

package main
import (  regexp "github.com/dlclark/regexp2"  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"  "net/http")
type UserHandler struct {  emailExp    *regexp.Regexp  passwordExp *regexp.Regexp}
func (u *UserHandler) RegisterRoutes(server *gin.Engine) {  ug := server.Group("/user")  ug.POST("/login", u.Login)}func NewUserHandler() *UserHandler {  const (    emailRegexPattern    = "^\\w+([-+.]\\w+)*@\\w+([-.]\\w+)*\\.\\w+([-.]\\w+)*$"    passwordRegexPattern = `^(?=.*[A-Za-z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$@$!%*#?&])[A-Za-z\d$@$!%*#?&]{8,}$`  )  emailExp := regexp.MustCompile(emailRegexPattern, regexp.None)  passwordExp := regexp.MustCompile(passwordRegexPattern, regexp.None)  return &UserHandler{    emailExp:    emailExp,    passwordExp: passwordExp,  }}
type LoginRequest struct {  Email string `json:"email"`  Pwd   string `json:"pwd"`}
func (u *UserHandler) Login(ctx *gin.Context) {  var req LoginRequest  if err := ctx.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {    ctx.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": "参数不正确!"})    return  }
  // 校验邮箱和密码是否为空  if req.Email == "" || req.Pwd == "" {    ctx.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": "邮箱或密码不能为空"})    return  }
  // 正则校验邮箱  ok, err := u.emailExp.MatchString(req.Email)  if err != nil {    ctx.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"msg": "系统错误!"})    return  }  if !ok {    ctx.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": "邮箱格式不正确"})    return  }
  // 校验密码格式  ok, err = u.passwordExp.MatchString(req.Pwd)  if err != nil {    ctx.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"msg": "系统错误!"})    return  }  if !ok {    ctx.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": "密码必须大于8位，包含数字、特殊字符"})    return  }
  // 校验邮箱和密码是否匹配特定的值来确定登录成功与否  if req.Email != "[email protected]" || req.Pwd != "hello#world123" {    ctx.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"msg": "邮箱或密码不匹配!"})    return  }
  ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"msg": "登录成功!"})}
func InitWebServer(userHandler *UserHandler) *gin.Engine {  server := gin.Default()  userHandler.RegisterRoutes(server)  return server}
func main() {  uh := &UserHandler{}  server := InitWebServer(uh)  server.Run(":8080") // 在8080端口启动服务器}

package main
import (  "bytes"  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"  "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"  "net/http"  "net/http/httptest"  "testing")
func TestUserHandler_Login(t *testing.T) {  // 定义测试用例  testCases := []struct {    name     string    reqBody  string    wantCode int    wantBody string  }{    {      name:     "登录成功",      reqBody:  `{"email": "[email protected]", "pwd": "hello#world123"}`,      wantCode: http.StatusOK,      wantBody: `{"msg": "登录成功!"}`,    },    {      name:     "参数不正确",      reqBody:  `{"email": "[email protected]", "pwd": "hello#world123",}`,      wantCode: http.StatusBadRequest,      wantBody: `{"msg": "参数不正确!"}`,    },    {      name:     "邮箱或密码为空",      reqBody:  `{"email": "", "pwd": ""}`,      wantCode: http.StatusBadRequest,      wantBody: `{"msg": "邮箱或密码不能为空"}`,    },    {      name:     "邮箱格式不正确",      reqBody:  `{"email": "invalidemail", "pwd": "hello#world123"}`,      wantCode: http.StatusBadRequest,      wantBody: `{"msg": "邮箱格式不正确"}`,    },    {      name:     "密码格式不正确",      reqBody:  `{"email": "[email protected]", "pwd": "invalidpassword"}`,      wantCode: http.StatusBadRequest,      wantBody: `{"msg": "密码必须大于8位，包含数字、特殊字符"}`,    },    {      name:     "邮箱或密码不匹配",      reqBody:  `{"email": "[email protected]", "pwd": "hello#world123"}`,      wantCode: http.StatusBadRequest,      wantBody: `{"msg": "邮箱或密码不匹配!"}`,    },  }
  for _, tc := range testCases {    t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {      // 创建一个 gin 的上下文      server := gin.Default()      h := NewUserHandler()      h.RegisterRoutes(server)      // mock 创建一个 http 请求      req, err := http.NewRequest(        http.MethodPost,                     // 请求方法        "/user/login",                       // 请求路径        bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(tc.reqBody)), // 请求体      )      // 断言没有错误      assert.NoError(t, err)      // 设置请求头      req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")      // 创建一个响应      resp := httptest.NewRecorder()      // 服务端处理请求      server.ServeHTTP(resp, req)      // 断言响应码和响应体      assert.Equal(t, tc.wantCode, resp.Code)      // 断言 JSON 字符串是否相等      assert.JSONEq(t, tc.wantBody, resp.Body.String())    })  }}

// ReqParam API请求参数type ReqParam struct {  X int `json:"x"`}
// Result API返回结果type Result struct {  Value int `json:"value"`}
func GetResultByAPI(x, y int) int {  p := &ReqParam{X: x}  b, _ := json.Marshal(p)
  // 调用其他服务的API  resp, err := http.Post(    "http://your-api.com/post",    "application/json",    bytes.NewBuffer(b),  )  if err != nil {    return -1  }  body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)  var ret Result  if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &ret); err != nil {    return -1  }  // 这里是对API返回的数据做一些逻辑处理  return ret.Value + y}

package gock_demo
import (  "testing"
  "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"  "gopkg.in/h2non/gock.v1")
func TestGetResultByAPI(t *testing.T) {  defer gock.Off() // 测试执行后刷新挂起的mock
  // mock 请求外部api时传参x=1返回100  gock.New("http://your-api.com").    Post("/post").    MatchType("json").    JSON(map[string]int{"x": 1}).    Reply(200).    JSON(map[string]int{"value": 100})
  // 调用我们的业务函数  res := GetResultByAPI(1, 1)  // 校验返回结果是否符合预期  assert.Equal(t, res, 101)
  // mock 请求外部api时传参x=2返回200  gock.New("http://your-api.com").    Post("/post").    MatchType("json").    JSON(map[string]int{"x": 2}).    Reply(200).    JSON(map[string]int{"value": 200})
  // 调用我们的业务函数  res = GetResultByAPI(2, 2)  // 校验返回结果是否符合预期  assert.Equal(t, res, 202)
  assert.True(t, gock.IsDone()) // 断言mock被触发}