意大利和中国考古团队对文化遗产保护和利用的贡献
2024年5月30日至31日《意大利和中国考古团队对文化遗产保护和利用的贡献》国际会议(下称“会议”)于浙江大学紫金港校区安中大楼A106报告厅召开。本次会议由浙江大学建筑工程学院主办,浙江大学艺术与考古学院联合主办,意大利驻沪总领事馆、意大利驻沪总领事馆文化处、意大利特雷卡尼百科全书研究所、意大利地中海与东方学国际研究协会、建筑历史与遗产保护国际中心、当地策划人共同支持。本次国际会议,旨在促进中意两国专家在历史、考古及历史遗产修复领域的交流。在意大利驻沪总领事馆和意大利驻沪总领事馆文化处的大力支持下,中意两国的合作伙伴关系将迈出关键一步。同时得益于意大利特雷卡尼百科全书研究院和意大利地中海与东方学国际研究协会(ISMEO)的重要协作,本次会议也将进一步深化中意文化交流。
The opening ceremony of the conference was held in A106, Anzhong Building, in the afternoon on the 30th of May. More than 20 Chinese and Italian authorities, experts, and scholars attended the meeting, including Tiziana D'Angelo, Consul General of the Consulate Generalof Italy in Shanghai; Adriano Valerio Rossi, the director of the International Association for the Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (ISMEO); Francesco D'Arelli, the director of the Italian Cultural Institute in Shanghai; Pierfrancesco Callieri, Professor of Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna; Anna Filigenzi, Professor from Università di Napoli L'Orientale; and Hang Kan, the director of Yungang Research Institute, to mention a few. Also to grace the event were Zhou Jianghong, the Vice President of Zhejiang University; Chen Hairong, the Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and Associate Dean of the College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University; Zhao Feng, the director of the School of Art and Archaeology, Zhejiang University; He Yong, the director of the Institute of Architectural Design and Theory of the School of Civil Engineering of Zhejiang University; and Paolo Vincenzo Genovese, Distinguished Professor from the College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University.
意大利驻沪总领事馆总领事Tiziana D'Angelo女士发表讲话
Tiziana D'Angelo, the Consul General of the Consulate Generalof Italy in Shanghai. The picture taken as she delivered a speech on the 30th of May at the conference. Picture taken by authors
意大利地中海与东方学国际研究协会主席Adriano Valerio Rossi发表讲话
Picture of Adriano Valerio Rossi, President of the International Association for the Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (ISMEO), as he was delivering a speech on May 30, 2024, during the conference. Picture taken by the authors.
意大利驻沪总领事馆文化处处长Francesco D'Arelli发表讲话
A picture of Francesco D'Arelli, the director of the Italian Cultural Institute in Shanghai. This picture was taken as he was delivering a speech on May 30, 2024, during the conference. Taken by the authors.
建筑工程学院副院长段元锋发表讲话
This picture shows Duan Yuanfeng, the Vice Dean of the College of Civil Engineering and Architecture at Zhejiang University, as he delivered a speech on the 30th of May at the conference. Taken by authors.
浙江大学建筑工程学院党委副书记兼副院长陈海荣发表讲话
Chen Hairong is the Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and Associate Dean of CCEA, Zhejiang University. Picture taken as he delivered a speech on May 30,2024, at the conference. Taken by the authors
浙江大学艺术与考古学院院长赵丰发表讲话
Picture of Zhao Feng, Director of the School of Art and Archaeology at Zhejiang University, as he delivered a speech at the conference on May 30,2024. Taken by the authors.
浙江大学建筑工程学院建筑设计及其理论研究所所长贺勇发表讲话
He Yong is the Vice Dean of the School of Civil Engineering and the Director of the Institute of Architectural Design and Theory, School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University. The picture was taken as he delivered a speech during the conference. Taken by the authors
建筑工程学院特聘教授罗杰威教授发表讲话
Paolo Vincenzo Genovese, Distinguished Professor and Director of the International Centre of History, Critic of Architecture, and Restoration of Historical Heritage (ICHCR), College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, delivered a speech at the conference. Taken by the authors.
After the opening ceremony, there were 15 lectures given at the conference on the 30th and 31st of May by Chinese and Italian experts. The Chinese experts gave lectures on: The Protection Work of Yungang Grottoes by Hang Kan, Professor at Peking University and Director of Shanxi Yungang Grottoes; Archaeological Discoveries and Research on Sunken Ships During the Song and Yuan Dynasties by Professor Jiang Bo from Shandong University; The Archaeological Practice of the Silk Road by the Central Asian Archaeological Team of Northwestern University by Professor Shao Huiqiu from Northwest University; Digitalization and 3D Printing Replication of Grotto Temples by Associate Professor Diao Changyu from Zhejiang University and Archaeological Exploration and 3D Printing Reproduction of Grotto Temples by Wen Chenghao from the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Furthermore, the Italian experts gave lectures on: Restoration, Conservation and Archaeology at Persepolis (Iran), From Palace to Town; A Project of the Iranian-Italian Joint Archaeological Mission in Fars, a collaboration of ISMEO, University of Bologna and Shiraz, Restauratori Senza Frontiere-Italy, from 2005-2019 presented by Prof. Pierfrancesco Callieri, from Università di Bologna and ISMEO; Post-conflict Rehabilitation and Conservation of the Monumental Site of Hatra (Iraq), A Global Challenge by Associate Professor Università di Padova; Ask the Fragment, Strategies to Preserve the Earthen Heritage of Afghanistan by Professor Anna Filigenzi from the Eastern University of Naples; The Preservation and Conservation of Archaeological Relics in Central Asia and Surroundings: Mud Bricks and Walls, Conservation or Rebuilding: Theoretical Aspects and Practical Limitations by Professor Bruno Genito from the Eastern Università di of Napoli L’ Orientale and ISMEO; Twenty Years after the Creation of the Sino-Italian Training Conservation Center at the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage: An Assessment of the Effects by Associate Professor Mario Micheli from Università Roma Tre; Restoration of Monuments as a Tool for Integrated Development Projects: 15 Years of Large-scale ISMEO Projects on Cultural Heritage in Swat, Pakistan by Luca M. Olivieri, Associate Professor at Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, 1995-1998; The Xi'an Centre for the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Relics by Roberto Ciarla, Board Member of the International Association for the Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (ISMEO); The Documentation of Monuments: New Technologies to Support the Preservation of Historical Sites and Cultural Heritage by Danilo Rosati, Project Director of ISMEO; New Strategies for 3D Data Acquisition and Processing in the Framework of Buddhist Art by Giuseppe Salemi, Associate Professor at Università di Padova and; The Indonesian-Italian Boatbuilding Endangered Knowledge Project: Shipwrecks and Ship Reconstruction by Chiara Zazzaro, professor at the Università di Napoli L'Orientale and ISMEO. These experts and scholars shared their experience in archaeological technology, concepts, and methods based on their own research experience and research projects, bringing us a feast of archaeological knowledge.
During the first-round table discussion held on May 30, 2024, on the first day of the conference, Prof. Adriano Valerio Rossi, Prof. Shen Guoqiang, Prof. Wen Chenghao, Prof. Pierfrancesco Callieri, Prof. Bruno Genito, and Prof. Wang Lei had a meaningful dialogue on three questions raised by the host, Prof. Paolo Vincenzo Genovese. During the discourse, the five aforementioned experts concluded that the question is generally considered complex by most experts. Using the unlikely metaphor of history as a Barbie doll, Prof. Wen Chenghao illustrated that history can be very wide. He was quoted as saying, “So you can dress up this Barbie doll in the way you like, but inside this Barbie doll is its body or inner core, much like history and the past, which are important inner cores for human beings, relevant for understanding the past and looking forward to the future.” Professor Shen articulated his understanding of history by likening it to a mirror. He explained that “history is like a mirror; whether good or bad, beauty and ugliness will be recorded truthfully.” Similarly, Professor Bruno Genito expressed his belief that, without history and the past, humanity has no future. Professors Pierfrancesco Callieri and Adriano Valerio Rossi agreed that history is based on sources and that archaeology provides some of these sources, which consequently are what historians use to document the past as they are consistent with written information. However, this information needs to be interpreted correctly. Furthermore, they both expressed the need for historians to recognise the efforts of archaeologists in their work, which is the information they provide: the ecological sources are well preserved, complementing the written sources. Finally, both scholars discussed how scholars have also been exploring the possibility of a universal language. From an architectural perspective, Prof. Wang Lei gave credence to the fact that the development of complex things does not necessarily mean progress. In the past, simple methods were used to solve problems that modern people think are very complex. Nevertheless, although the past is a distant time in memory, in some ways it is in synchrony with modern history, simultaneously indicating the developmental direction of the future.
Another concern raised was the strategic role that archaeology and the protection of historical heritage play in the panellists’ countries of origin. Professor Pierfrancesco Callieri thought that before considering the aforementioned issue, the fact that archaeology should always include reservations must be discussed first. Prof. Callieri further pointed out that, though it is evident that the need for careful excavation is very important, preservation of the remains is of equal importance. Furthermore, Prof. Callieri thinks that the link between the use of ecological monuments and socio-economics is a very interesting subject; archaeology has many meanings, and for some fields, archaeology is everything. Professor Bruno Genito was of the opinion that the answer to the aforementioned question will vary greatly between countries or eras, and it is difficult to give a reasonable and uniform answer. He, however, remarked that “China's current attitude towards archaeology is different from that of Italy and other countries today; the scientific method requires scientific answers, and the interpretation of history requires the interpretation of history, and the two are often not easily combined; excavated objects, pottery, and fragments do not speak; there are no sources for a lot of prehistory, but as archaeologists we should give answers, and in this case, archaeology also has scientific answers, but it is very complicated.” As a young generation of Chinese archaeologists, Professor Wen Chenghao believes that archaeology is an extension of politics and economics, especially in the past decade, when archaeology has become more and more important because it is a very good way to tell history and consolidate an individual's sense of national identity. As an architect and planners, Professor Shen Guoqiang proposed that, archaeologists are the scientists and forerunners of our history who discovered a new chapter, especially the very early chapters of a culture of human beings for us as a whole, whose important role is to decide whether we should preserve the culture or for a site for the building of our city, as well as learn to deal with conflicts such as reuse or redevelopment. Prof. Wang Lei was of the opinion that the problems faced by the planning profession are more macroscopic, while architecture is relatively microscopic, but in the process of relating to history, the distance between architecture and reality may be the closest, and the degree of integration with history is higher. Consequentially, architecture learns the most and most frequently from history and past experience. Professor Adriano Valerio Rossi shared that he has deduced that among Italian archaeologists, archaeology and financing are related. He explained that the different excavation sites are sponsored by different ministries and organised through different original administrations, as a whole forming the Italian Ministry of Culture, which is unique to Italy.
On the second day of the Round Table, Director Francesco D'Arelli, Professor Shao Huiqiu, Professor Wang Hui, Professor Anna Filigenzi, and Professor Chiara Zazzaro delivered an interesting discourse based on two topics raised by the host, Professor Paolo Vincenzo Genovese: 1) Over the last 20 years, what important technological improvements have been made in the area of archaeology? How have these new improvements or changes affected your practice or work? 2) ‘Diffuse Museum’ has increasingly become an important contemporary theory. Italy has undertaken a lot of research and innovation in this field. Can you give us your interpretation of this topic? In reference to the first question, all the scholars agreed that the progress of technology has been of great assistance in the development of archaeological work. However, both Professor Chiara Zazzaro and Professor Anna Filigenzi both emphasised the importance of hand drawing by archaeologists in their work, which is conducive for researchers to have a more comprehensive grasp of the information about the object(s) of study and grasping the research route, which they lamented that with the advancement in technology has come to an end or is in rarer use. Francesco D'Arelli, the Director of the Italian Cultural Institute in Shanghai, discussed in more depth the current exploration of the use of AI, being of the conviction that human beings, as creators and users of technology, ultimately have to think about the relationship between the primitive environment and society. Professor Wang Hui expressed that, from an architectural historical perspective, he deduced that archaeology is a discipline that interprets the roots and is of great significance to the development of architecture, but the disciplines are relatively separated and closed. He therefore called for the establishment of multidisciplinary research between history, archaeology, and architecture in the future.
意大利专家向中国专家提问
A picture of Prof Anna Filigenzi as she asked Chinese experts a question on the 30th of May 2024.
Taken by the authors
In response to the second question, the experts expressed their opinions according to their field of practice. Francesco D'Arelli, Director of the Italian Cultural Institute in Shanghai, was of the conviction that today's focus should be more on the revival of history than on the idea of a diffuse museum, which is a very different concept, implying that we should think of a new contemporary context that can be embraced by the younger generation. Museums don't necessarily need new ideas but rather grasp what they already have at the moment and build new possibilities through them. Professor Shao Huiqiu pointed out that in the past 20 years, China's museums have undergone great changes, no longer being an institution in architecture but more digital, focusing on the audience's sense of experience and public participation, and gradually forming a system. Professor Anna Filigenzi illustrated the dilemma of decentralised museums by citing the situation in Afghanistan as an example. She expressed that, as scholars, they should try to find a "third" path that can be applied to Afghanistan and similar conflict-ridden regions. Professor Wang Hui, in agreement with the opinions of the other scholars on the establishment of contemporary relevance of museums, was of the view that the concept of a diffused museum takes the exhibition from closed to open, making it more relevant to life and shortening the distance with history. In addition to the change of form, he emphasised that the connection between history and today has always existed, but it has been neglected for a long time. Furthermore, he expressed the need for continual historical development, which is important for the younger generation.
As part of the conference, a visit around Zhejiang University’s Zijingang campus, was arranged, allowing participants from China and Italy to appreciate the beautiful campus scenery, advanced construction engineering laboratories and international cooperation achievements of the international campus. The conference which lasted for a day and a half provided a platform of high academic exchange for researchers in the field of archaeological restoration, further expanding the domestic and foreign influence of Zhejiang University in this field, and deepening the international exchange and cooperation between China and Italy. The international conference has come to a successful conclusion, leaving all stakeholders and other interested parties looking with hope at the horizon; we look forward for opportunity to meet again in Hangzhou!
微信扫码关注该文公众号作者