结婚不需要户口簿，会有“被结婚”“被重婚”的风险吗？

民政部起草的《婚姻登记条例（修订草案征求意见稿）》，正在征求社会各界意见。

其中第八条提出，办理结婚登记的内地居民应当出具下列证件和书面材料：（一）本人的居民身份证；（二）本人无配偶以及与对方当事人没有直系血亲和三代以内旁系血亲关系的签字声明。

与现行的《婚姻登记条例》相较而言，意见稿删去了提供户口簿的要求。

15日， #结婚登记不再需要户口簿##离婚冷静期写入婚姻登记条例#等多个涉意见稿的话题登上微博热搜，引发网友热烈讨论。

According to draft revisions to the Marriage Registration Regulation released by the Ministry of Civil Affairs on Tuesday for public feedback, couples applying for marriage certificates will no longer need to submit their hukou, or household registration documents. 

Instead, they will only be required to present their ID cards and sign declarations confirming they are not currently married or closely related.

户口簿作为记录个人及家庭成员基本信息的重要证件，其信息项中包含“婚姻状况”这一项，因此，理论上可以通过户口簿查看到个人的婚姻状态。

不少网友担忧，无需提供户口簿被“重婚”了怎么办。还有一些网友担心身份证件被盗，自己“被结婚”。

The proposed removal of the hukou — which contains detailed information such as marital status and family composition — as a mandatory document for obtaining marriage certificates has raised concerns among internet users about the potential for identity theft and bigamy.

"Without checking hukou, how can I verify my fiance's marital and parental status?" one user on the Sina Weibo micro-blogging platform asked. Another user expressed concerns about people losing their ID cards and unknowingly being listed as married fraudulently.

中国日报记者就此事采访了北京中银律师事务所高级合伙人杨保全律师，他表示，如果户口簿上的信息未及时更新，那么户口簿上显示的婚姻状况可能并不准确，因此使用户口簿不能完全避免重婚等情况。例如，某人在结婚后并未及时到户口登记机关进行婚姻状况的变更登记，那么其户口簿上的婚姻状况可能仍显示为未婚。

Yang Baoquan, a senior partner at Zhongyin Law Firm in Beijing, said the household registration booklet cannot completely prevent situations like bigamy because if someone gets married but fails to update their marital status promptly, their hukou may still show them as unmarried.

图源：中国日报网

杨律师指出，民政部已宣布，截至今年6月底我国已实现了婚姻登记信息全国联网的目标。这意味着，我国大陆31个省（自治区、直辖市）都已经建立了省级婚姻登记工作网络平台和数据中心，实现了在线婚姻登记和婚姻登记信息的全国联网审查。这一举措不仅提高了婚姻登记的效率和便利性，还有助于预防重婚、骗婚等违法行为的发生。

China established a nationwide network of marriage registration data in June, allowing for online verification of marriage status. Yang said it can effectively deter bigamy and marriage fraud.

除了结婚登记不再需要户口簿，针对结婚登记和离婚登记，意见稿取消了地域管辖，还对“离婚冷静期”进行了细化。

The draft has also proposed removing a clause from the previous regulation that required marriages to be processed at the location of the couple's household registration.

Regarding divorce procedures, the draft introduces a 30-day cooling-off period, aligning with provisions in the Civil Code that took effect in 2021. During that period, either party can retract the divorce application, halting the process, according to the draft.

日前，民政部发布统计数据显示，今年上半年，全国结婚登记343万对，仅为2014年同期的一半左右，创下近十年新低。

Data released by the Ministry of Civil Affairs this month revealed that only 3.43 million couples married in the first half of this year, down 12.7 percent year-on-year.

2013年全国结婚登记达到1347万对的峰值后，从2014年至2022年结婚登记对数连续九年下降，2023年结婚登记对数上升到768万对，结束九连降。

Official figures indicate that new marriage registrations have been declining nationwide since peaking at 13.47 million in 2013, falling below 10 million in 2019 and decreasing by approximately 1 million a year since, reaching just 6.83 million in 2022. However, there was a slight increase in new marriages registered in China last year after nine consecutive years of decline. 

有专家分析，2023年结婚登记对数上升的主要原因包括：受2020-2022年的疫情影响，许多年轻人推迟到2023年结婚；想在2023年结婚然后2024年生育“龙宝宝”；以及受“龙年无春，是寡妇年，不宜结婚”的民间传统观念影响，把结婚时间提前到2023年等。

Observers attribute the uptick to various factors, including the end of the COVID-19 pandemic and a cultural preference for marrying in auspicious years.

根据民政部要求，《婚姻登记条例（修订草案征求意见稿）》当前进行全文公布，征求社会各界意见（编者注：意见反馈截止时间为2024年9月11日）。公众如有修改意见，可通过多种方式反馈（全文地址及反馈渠道）。

记者：李磊