事业成功的秘诀可能就在身边 | 经济学人商业
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Octavia, 键盘手和古风爵士，逃离舒适圈，有只英短叫八爷
2024年第一期翻译打卡营
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事业成功的秘诀可能就在身边
The case for being more like a crab
更像螃蟹的理由
The conventionallanguage of career success moves in only one direction: up. You scale the career ladder or climb the greasy pole. If you do well, you have a rapid ascent. And if you really succeed, you reach the top. No one ever rings home to share the news that they have reached a plateau. But there is another type of career trajectory. Sideways moves, to jobs that don’t involve a promotion or even necessarily a pay rise, can be a boon to employees and organisations alike.
事业成功通常仅指向上发展：按照职业发展路径逐级晋升，亦或在激烈竞争中脱颖而出。如果表现出色，就能迅速“平步青云”。如果真的成功了，那就是“登峰造极”。没有人会打电话回家告诉家人自己到达了职业瓶颈。但其实还有另一种职业轨迹，那就是横向平移到别的岗位，不是晋升，甚至不一定加薪，但这对员工和组织来说都是好事。
注：这里的scale the career ladder or climb the greasy pole指的是职场中向上发展的不同路径。scale the career ladder一般指企业或者单位有明晰的发展路径，员工可以逐级晋升的情况。而climb the greasy pole本意指“涂抹上了油脂的杆子”，这样的杆子滑溜溜的，异常难爬，这里指职场中竞争非常激烈，个人发展不易。
A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that the availability of lateral career opportunities has a marked impact on employee retention. Their research found that chances to move sideways were two and a half times more important than pay as a predictor of workers’ willingness to stay at a firm. Another paper, by Xin Jin of the University of South Florida and Michael Waldman of Cornell University, concluded that lateral moves did not just benefit organisations: employees who experienced them were more likely to be promoted and to enjoy higher wage growth later in their careers than employees who did not. You can move up by first moving sideways.
麻省理工学院的唐纳德·苏尔（Donald Sull）与合著者在 2021 年开展了一项研究，发现提供横向职业发展机会对留住员工有显著的影响。他们的研究发现，在预测员工是否愿意留在一家公司时，横向调动机会这一指标的重要性是薪酬的三倍半。另一篇由南佛罗里达大学的金鑫（音译）和康奈尔大学的迈克尔·沃尔德曼（Michael Waldman）合著的论文指出，横向调动不仅对组织有利：经历过横向调动的员工比没有经历过的员工更有可能在职业生涯后期获得晋升，工资涨幅也更大。先横向调动，后纵向晋升。
Lateral moves and good management seem to go hand in hand. A recent paper by Virginia Minni of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a British think-tank, looked at job moves within a big multinational over a period of ten years. She found that the arrival of a high-flying boss (who had got the job early in their career) was associated with a jump in intra-company transfers, both horizontal and vertical, among employees. Better bosses seem to be good at sorting people into roles that suit them. This process again results in higher pay over time for employees who move sideways; it is also associated with higher profits.
公司的横向转岗似乎与良好的管理密切相关。英国智库财政研究所（Institute for Fiscal Studies）的弗吉尼亚·米尼（Virginia Minni）在其最近=的论文中研究了一家跨国公司十年间岗位变动情况。她发现，自从这家公司任命了一位成功的老板(职业生涯早期就获得这个位子)后，公司内员工间横向和纵向调动大幅上升。好的老板通常知人善任，能把员工安排到适合的岗位。随着时间的推移，这又能增加平调员工的收入，同时也给公司带来更高的收益。
注：high-flying 指extremely successful
The crab-like career has other things going for it beyond better matches between people and jobs. One is that it is a good way to learn new things. As hiring processes increasingly emphasise skills, recruiters are likely to put comparatively less emphasis oncvs and comparatively more weight on what you know. Messrs Jin and Waldman reason that the higher echelons of companies tend to be populated by people whose capabilities are broad, not deep; that may explain why lateral moves are good for promotion prospects. Along with skills come contacts: transferring between teams usually means building a bigger internal network.
这种蟹型职业发展除了能更好地实现人职匹配，也有其他好处。首先，员工能学习新的东西。现在招聘员工越来越强调技能，招聘人员很可能不那么看重简历，而更看中应聘人员实际掌握的东西。金和沃尔德曼认为，公司高层往往是技能全面的通才，而非专注某领域的专才；这也解释了为什么员工横向调岗有助于未来晋升。同时，随着技能提升，员工的人脉也会更广，团队间转岗也意味着建立更大的内部人脉网络。
Lateral moves can also be a wonderful cure for boredom. There is nothing to fear in a bit of tedium, but people will do almost anything to avoid it in large doses. In an experiment by Chantal Nederkoorn of Maastricht University and her co-authors, participants were asked to watch dull, sad and neutral film clips and given the ability to self-administer electric shocks as they did so. Those watching monotonous films shocked themselves more often and at greater intensity. (Films by Wes Anderson were presumably too dangerous to be shown for this reason.)
此外，横向调动也是治愈职业倦怠的一剂良药。工作中感到些许沉闷乏味在所难免，但人们会尽其所能逃避极度枯燥乏味的工作。荷兰马斯特里赫特大学（Maastricht University）的尚塔尔·奈德尔库恩（Chantal Nederkoorn）和她的合著者们做了一个实验，要求参与者观看沉闷、悲伤、情节平淡的电影片段，并且让他们在观看时可以自我施加电击。那些观看单调乏味电影的人更经常电击自己，且强度更大（有鉴于此，在这项实验里，韦斯·安德森（Wes Anderson）的电影就过于危险了，不适合播放）。
This need for stimulation pervades the workplace. Surveys consistently show that great chunks of the workforce find their jobs tedious. Stephan Meier of Columbia Business School, who is writing a book on employee-centric organisations, reckons that one big source of motivation for workers is having “just right tasks” that are within their capabilities but stretch them in new ways.Promotions offer fresh challenges but you can also easily get stuck waiting for a vacancy to open up above you. Looking to the side affords more options.
职场很需要激励措施。许多调查都显示，很多打工人都觉得自己的工作很乏味。哥伦比亚商学院的史蒂芬·迈耶（Stephan Meier）正在写一本关于以员工为中心的组织的书，他认为员工动力的一个重要来源是承担“恰到好处的任务”，这些任务在他们的能力范围内，但能够以新的方式拓展他们的边界。升职会带来新的挑战，但等待晋升的时候也很容易让人陷入困境。横向调动提供更多选择。
Opening the door to more lateral moves is partly a practical matter. Some bigger employers have “internal talent marketplaces” in which employees can find and apply for jobs elsewhere in the company; smaller firms have fewer such opportunities to offer. But participating in a side-project is another way for workers to shake things up and learn new skills. In a poll of American workers for Colorado State University Global, almost half said that they would feel more motivated if they were part of a new process or project.
开放更多横向调动机会是很实际的问题。一些规模较大的公司有“内部人才市场”，员工可以在其中寻找并申请公司其他部门的岗位；而规模较小的公司则较少提供这样的机会。但拓展副项目是员工们改变现状、学习新技能的另一种方式。科罗拉多州立大学全球线上分校（Colorado State University Global）对美国职工进行的一项民意调查显示，近一半的人表示，如果他们可以参与到一个新的流程或项目中，他们会更有工作动力。
Embracing sideways movement also requires the right attitude. Lots of managers like to hoard talent, at the expense of workers and firms. And moving horizontally still has less cachet than moving upwards. It would help if career success had a different vocabulary: across or out, say, or the meteoric scuttle.
接受横向调动也需要正确的态度。许多管理者喜欢囤积人才，牺牲了员工和公司利益。而且横向调动仍然没有向上晋升那么受欢迎。如果衡量事业生涯的成功有不同的表达，比如：跨界（across）、拓展（out）或飞速进步(meteoric scuttle)，可能会有所帮助。
Cassie，ECNU口译小菜鸡，体制内摸爬滚打教书匠
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观点|评论|思考
Dodo，愿识乾坤大、犹怜草木青的同传Dodo
多年来，我们似乎都被主流观念影响，认为职业生涯必须朝着垂直上升的方向努力才能获得成就感和他人认可。可是现实生活中,我们常常会陷入工作的单一模式和枯燥乏味之中,对新鲜事物和挑战的热情日益高涨。
这篇文章提醒我们，除了层层攀升,我们的职业道路也可以选择"横向进化"。突破原有的舒适圈、拓展技能视野、发掘自身潜能，就像在熟悉的森林里散步太久,难免觉得缺少乐趣,但只要稍稍转换一个方向,便能发现全新的风景。不被世俗的“正确”所束缚或许是我们每个人的必修课题。
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02 2024年翻译打卡营
4位一笔，3位二笔
30天录播课程
既有中译英，也有英译中。
从翻译的流程策略，
英汉语言特点，方法，类型，
背景知识到细致的语言点，
我们都逐一讲解以及答疑，让同学们吃透翻译。
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